(2971) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Polycnemum majus</i> against <i>Camphorosma acuta</i> (<i>Amaranthaceae</i> s.l.)

(2971) Polycnemum majus A. Braun ex Bogenh. in Flora 24: 151–152. 14 Mar 1841 [Angiosp.: Chenopod. / Amaranth.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: [Germany, Rheinland-Pfalz], Martinstein, “an d. Nahe”, Sep 1838, Bogenhard (JE barcode JE00021893). (=) Camphorosma acuta L., Sp. Pl.: 122. 1 Mai 1753 (Polycnemum acutum (L.) Schrank), rej. Lectotypus (hic designatus): Herb. Burser XXV: 57 (UPS!). As part of the study genus L. Europe and nomenclatural investigations Linnaean names Chenopodiaceae Vent. s.str. (e.g., Iamonico Candollea 67: 181–185. 2012, Hacquetia 12: 5–9. 2013, Phytotaxa 145: 54–60. 2013; & Jarvis Taxon 61: 864–865. 2012; al. 1103–1104. Sennikov Freitag 63: 151–160. 2014; 186–187. 2014), we here present a proposal that deals with necessity to establish identity untypified name order avoid replacing well-known universally used by almost ignored virtually unknown earlier P. Schrank. majus, species validly published (in 1841) ascribed Braun, was typified 202: 235–236. 2015) on Bogenhard's collection preserved at JE (barcode JE00021893; https://je.jacq.org/JE00021893). Concerning acuta, Linnaeus's protologue (Sp. 1753) consisted short diagnosis (“foliis subulatis rigidis glabris”), three synonyms cited from Tabernaemontanus (Neü Vollkommen Kräuter-Buch: 57. 1731), Bauhin (Pinax: 486. 1623), L'Obel (Pl. Icon. 1: 404. 1581), Daléchamps (Hist. General. 1150. 1586); provenance (“Habitat Italia, Tataria”) also given. Tabernaemontanus, L'Obel, provided illustrations (respectively named “Camphorata altera”, “Anthyllis altera Italorum”, “ANTHYLLIS Altera Italorum, Lobellii”, latter two being same image just horizontally rotated) are original material can be considered for lectotypification. We traced one sheet LINN (No. 165.3, available http://www.linnean-online.org/306/, accessed 24 Jun 2023) bears five plant fragments (it is not clear if they parts individual or not) referring gathering (see Art. 9.17 ICN; Turland Regnum Veg. 159. 2018); annotations Linnaeus occur sheet, i.e. “2 acuta”, reported below plants (bottom-right) explicitly number Species plantarum (“2”), caespitosa tartarica, floribus glomerulis ad caulis cespitosis, foliis ericae brevissimis Gerb. Wolg. 49 | Habitat desertis circa Samaram et Czaritzin item inter Saradorf floret augusto”, back indicating were German naturalist T. Gerber (1710–1743) collected Russia (“Samaram Czaritzin”, currently localities Samara Volgograd). According (Order out Chaos: 46–47. 2007), annotated strongly suggests this specimen an ante-1753 addition collection, therefore material. However, examination Gerber's polynomial revealed some questions about matter. (l.c. monspeliaca (“Camphorosma hirsuti linearibus”) taken directly his own previous works (Linnaeus, Mat. Med.: 15 43). 1749, Amoen. Acad. 392–393. 1749). In Amoenitates academicae, cespitosa tartarica” treated as synonym “Camphorosma linearibus”, together Bauhin's hirsuta Bauh. pin. 486”. This placed C. monspeliaca, which perennial subshrub according type (lectotype: 55, designated Hedge 127: 29. 1993) current concept Kadereit 60: 51–78. 2011). On contrary, 165.3) clearly annual plants. Note, fact, indicated through use symbol “”. The images show instead Furthermore, exsiccatum conflict leaf pubescence given […] leaves pubescent (images match concerning lack hairs leaves). Consequently, state re-interpretation may have been wrong. For reason, prefer discard purposes typification. Among elements linked included Herbarium UPS (Herb. 57) annotation congeneris” matching (l.c.). morphological characteristics diagnosis. conclusion, Burser's iconographs designate lectotype, accordance (l.c.: 21–22). basis designated, Amaranthaceae Juss. s.l., tribe Camphorosmeae Moq. (see, e.g., Int. J. Pl. Sci. 164: 959–986. 2003; Freitag, l.c.; Masson 62: 100–111. 2013), cannot associated any known Four taxa accepted l.c.): annua Pall., songorica Bunge, lessingii Litv. subshrubs hairy leaves, while annuals; all 4-lobed perianth. following characteristics: annual; stem prostrate-ascending, branched; linear, mucronate; flowers solitary, each subtended lanceolate-linear bracteal leaf, more than times longer perianth; bracteoles per flower, membranous hyaline borders abruptly interrupted half total length bract; tepals five, ovate-lanceolate, shorter bracts; fruit indehiscent (utricle), ellipsoidal, long tepals. configuration well matches Shultz Fl. N. Amer. Ed. Comm., Mexico 4: 261–262. 2004; Willdenowia 41: 314. 2011; Iamonico, Vasc. Ital. Stud. Biosist., Taxa End. e Loci Class.: 31–32. 2012). All things considered, represent heterotypic synonyms, having priority 11. very rarely literature Moquin-Tandon, Chenop. Monogr. Enum.: 151. 1840), whereas combination Schrank Hoppe, Bot. Taschenb.: 201. 1798) never after coined. other hand, has widely last 170 years Candolle, Prodr. 13(2). 335. 1849; Fiori Paoletti, Italia 315. 1898; Aellen Hegi, Ill. Mitteleur. 3(2): 546–547. 1960–1961; Guitiérrez Bustillo Castroviejo al., Iber. 2: 478. 1990; Ball Tutin Europ., ed. 2, 110. 1993; l.c. Marhold, Euro+Med Plantbase. 2011 [http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=18001&PTRefFk=7300000, 2023]; Kadereit, l.c.). protect changes purely reasons, resulting resurrection long-forgotten names, so promote stability 14.1, propose conservation against its DI, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-7568 grateful Directors Curators quoted herbaria their precious support during our visits, loan specimens/photographs, information requests. thank C.E. (London) useful comments version manuscript.